OVERVIEW

This updated advisory is a follow-up to the original advisory titled ISCA-15-300-02 Infinite Automation Systems Mango Automation Vulnerabilities that was published October 27, 2015, on the NCCIC/ICS-CERT web site.

Steven Seeley of Source Incite and Gjoko Krstic of Zero Science Lab have independently identified vulnerabilities in the Infinite Automation Systems Mango Automation application.

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Infinite Automation Systems has released a new version to mitigate these vulnerabilities. The researchers have tested the new version to validate that it resolves the vulnerabilities.

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These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely. Exploits that target these vulnerabilities are known to be publicly available.

AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following Mango Automation versions are affected:

• Mango Automation Version 2.5.0 through Version 2.6.0 beta (builds prior to 430), and

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• Mango Automation versions prior to Version 2.7.0 are vulnerable to OS command injection and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities.

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IMPACT

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities may allow a remote attacker to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the system.

Impact to individual organizations depends on many factors that are unique to each organization. ICS-CERT recommends that organizations evaluate the impact of these vulnerabilities based on their operational environment, architecture, and product implementation.

BACKGROUND

Infinite Automation Systems is headquartered in Lafayette, Colorado.

The affected product, Mango Automation, is a centralized web-based SCADA/HMI and data acquisition software. According to Infinite Automation Systems, Mango Automation is deployed across several sectors including Commercial Facilities, Critical Manufacturing, Food and Agriculture, and Energy. Infinite Automation Systems estimates that these products are used worldwide.

VULNERABILITY CHARACTERIZATION

VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW

Improper verification of uploaded image files allows arbitrary files to be uploaded, which may allow for the execution of malicious JSP script files.

CVE-2015-7904b has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.7 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).c

An authenticated user can issue any OS commands that are not properly sanitized, which could allow for OS command injection and cross-site request forgery attacks.

CVE-2015-7901e has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).f

Application has debugging enabled by default, which automatically updates a publicly available status page when system exceptions occur with a description of the exception and details about session attributes. An attacker could send a malicious URL to a logged in user to instigate a system exception to gather information about the logged in user.

CVE-2015-7900h has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).i

The application does not verify SQL queries via HTTP requests, allowing the issuance of arbitrary SQL commands.

CVE-2015-7903k has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.7 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).l

The application does not verify HTTP requests.

CVE-2015-6493n has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 6.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L).o

The application fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input, which could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code in a user's browser.

CVE-2015-6494q has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 4.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).r

Error messages for failed logon attempts contain information that could be used by an attacker.

CVE-2015-7902t has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 has been assigned; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).u

VULNERABILITY DETAILS

EXPLOITABILITY

These vulnerabilities could be exploited remotely.

EXISTENCE OF EXPLOIT

Exploits that target these vulnerabilities are publicly available.

DIFFICULTY

An attacker with a low skill would be able to exploit these vulnerabilities.

MITIGATION

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Infinite Automation Systems has released a new version of the Mango Automation application, Version 2.7.0, to mitigate these vulnerabilities, which include the OS command injection and cross-site request forgery vulnerabilities.

Infinite Automation Systems offers the following interim mitigation for the cross-site request forgery vulnerability until Version 2.7.0 can be applied:

• The REST API can be disabled by setting rest.enabled to false in the env.properties file and restarting the Mango Automation software. Disabling the REST API will disable the following features: User Administration, Brewer’s Dashboard Module, Data Point Details, View Module, Excel Reports Module, and Custom Dashboards Module.

Infinite Automation Systems new version of Mango Automation application, Version 2.7.0 is available at the following location:

http://infiniteautomation.com/index.php/download

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ICS-CERT recommends that users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:

• Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure that they are not accessible from the Internet.
• Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls, and isolate them from the business network.
• When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing that VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize that VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

ICS-CERT reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

ICS-CERT also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS-CERT web page at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/content/recommended-practices. Several recommended practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available in the ICS‑CERT Technical Information Paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B--Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies, that is available for download from the ICS-CERT web site (http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/).

Organizations observing any suspected malicious activity should follow their established internal procedures and report their findings to ICS-CERT for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

In addition, ICS-CERT recommends that users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

1. Do not click web links or open unsolicited attachments in email messages.
2. Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scamsv for more information on avoiding email scams.
3. Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacksw for more information on social engineering attacks.

• a. CWE-434: Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/434.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• b. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-7904, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• c. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• d. CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection'), http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/78.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• e. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-7901, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• f. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• g. CWE-215: Information Exposure Through Debug Information, http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/215.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• h. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-7900, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• i. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N, web site last accessed October 27, 2015
• j. CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection'), http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/89.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• k. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-7903, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• l. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• m. CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/352.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• n. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-6493, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• o. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• p. CWE-79: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting'), http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• q. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-6494, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• r. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• s. CWE-204: Response Discrepancy Information Exposure, http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/204.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• t. NVD, http://web.nvd.nist.gov/view/vuln/detail?vulnId=CVE-2015-7902, web site last accessed December 22, 2015.
• u. CVSS Calculator, https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/3.0#CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• v. Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams, http://www.us-cert.gov/reading_room/emailscams_0905.pdf, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.
• w. National Cyber Alert System Cyber Security Tip ST04-014, http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/tips/ST04-014.html, web site last accessed October 27, 2015.